Administrative Law Judge (ALJ)
Definition
An administrative law judge (ALJ) is a judge who presides over administrative hearings involving government agencies rather than traditional courts. ALJs hear cases related to regulatory matters, benefits disputes, and licensing issues. They have the authority to administer oaths, take testimony, rule on evidence, and issue decisions—much like judges in civil court, but within the administrative system.
How It’s Used in Personal Injury Cases
While personal injury lawsuits are typically handled in state civil courts, ALJs become relevant when your case intersects with government programs or regulations. The most common scenario involves Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) or Supplemental Security Income (SSI) claims. If your injuries are severe enough to prevent you from working and your initial disability application is denied, you can request a hearing before an ALJ at the Social Security Administration.
ALJs also hear disputes involving workers’ compensation in some states, FMCSA safety violations against trucking companies, and other regulatory matters that may relate to the circumstances of your injury.
Practical Example
A warehouse worker suffers a traumatic brain injury in a forklift accident and can no longer perform any type of work. She applies for Social Security disability benefits but is denied at the initial review stage. Her attorney requests a hearing before an ALJ, where they present medical records, vocational expert testimony, and the worker’s own account of her limitations. The ALJ reviews the evidence and issues a decision finding her disabled and entitled to monthly benefits.
Why It Matters to Your Case
If your injuries are catastrophic and you’re unable to return to work, pursuing disability benefits may be an important part of your financial recovery—separate from your personal injury claim. ALJ hearings offer an opportunity to present your case in person and challenge an unfavorable initial decision. Having an attorney who understands both personal injury and disability law can help you navigate both processes and maximize your total recovery.
Key Takeaway
Administrative law judges handle disputes involving government agencies, including Social Security disability appeals. If your injuries prevent you from working, an ALJ hearing may be a critical step in securing benefits.